According to Dave Ramsey's The Total Money Makeover, the self professed money expert claims being in debt is normal and we all should be weird. He has 7 basic concepts for becoming weird. Don't let baby steps convince you that these are easy. While the guy is some sort of religious nut who makes his money off of poor people, he did get me thinking. Here's my Ramsey based theory:
Step One:
The first step to getting out of debt is to stop making more. To begin you need to create cashflow so you can stop using your credit cards. So this first step is really a three parter. First sell off something or take on overtime, etc whatever it takes to establish a small fund of cash. Depending on your income this needs to be somewhere around $1k. This is not savings, it's cashflow. You can put it in a money market, savings account, cash in your desk drawer etc. I personally chose to just leave it in my checking account and change my balance to reflect the 1k missing. So basically my checkbook had $1100 in it, I changed the register to say $100. The second part of this step is vowing to not use credit cards anymore. If you run into a true emergency such as a flat tire, etc then this 1k will cover it. Last, you need to create a zero balance budget. You will create sinking funds for everything. A fraction of each paycheck should be allocated to birthdays, coffee, groceries, gas, electric, etc. Everything that you can think of needs to be covered in some category. When you get paid you will effectively cash you paycheck and divy it up into piles for each of these categories. Whatever is leftover get's applied to step two. This leftover amount will be reffered to as snow and so is all other money that you come up with.
Step Two:
Is commonly known as the debt snowball. There are a few theories on paying off debt. I fall somewhere between the two most common. Ramsey advocates debt snowball while others and my calculator favors the avalanche method. I could care less which you choose. Just stick to it. The snowball works as follows. Lets assume you have 3 credit cards. One with a 1k balance, one with a 2k balance and one with a 3k balance. To keep things simple, let's assume that the minimum payments are $50/$100/$150 so every month you are paying a combined $300 and getting nowhere. You are now going to continue paying the $300 but every extra penny you come up with will go on the lowest balance. In this case it's the $1000 card. As soon as it's paid off, you will now take the $50 you were paying on it and apply it to the $2000 card along with it's normal $100. By the time you get to the $3000 card, you'll be paying $300 a month on that one. This snowball process is all about behavior and momentum. The avalanche method is done the same way but in order of the highest interest debt first. While mathematically this approach saves more money in the long run, it's frustrating. Let's suppose in this scenario that you have those three credit cards and a school loan of $40k with high interest. Of course you need to get that paid but it will take years and during those years you'll still be paying the minimums on your credit cards. Anyone would be discouraged with this strategy. There is really no desire created to build up more snow ($). Why work overtime on Saturday when it's a small drop on the $40k? However that Saturday might just mean paying off CC#1 a whole month earlier.
Step Three:
Finish the emergency fund. Or in my opinion start one. I really don't see the initial $1k as a true emergency fund. It's there in case you need it but it's not for real emergencies. A real emergency fund needs to cover a new furnace, well going dry, medical out of pocket, even job loss. This one is kind of up to you. Most experts recommend 3-6 months but I would error on the side of caution. Once this is built, this is also a good time to save up towards your next car, a new roof, etc.
Step Four:
Invest 15% of your total household income in your retirement. Ramsey recommends meeting your employee match, maxing out a Roth IRA and then putting the rest of the 15% in your 401k. That's a little complicated but will work. The key here is to avoid taxes and save to build future wealth. Now at this point you should have zero debt other than your house and you should be able to afford more than 15% but dont. That money is going to step 5.
Step Five:
Payoff the mortgage. Much like the debt snowball, take all leftover money and work on paying off the house. Once it's paid for then move on.
Step Six:
Pay for your kid's college tuition in cash. Not much to say here... this will take awhile on it's own.
Step Seven:
Build wealth and give. Max out your 401k, buy investments, etc. At this point reverse your thinking. Stop the death grab on money and have some fun helping others.
Summary
1) $1000.00 in an emergency fund
a) The 1k is not savings - Cashflow that is readily available for true emergencies
b) No new debt - no credit card charges, car payments, etc
c) Zero balance budget - give every dollar a job. If done correctly, there are no more "emergencies" because there's an envelope with cash in it to cover whatever it is.
2) Use the debt snowball
a) Sort your credit cards balances in order of the least to most owed
b) Pay all extra snow onto the lowest balance until paid off
c) Once CC#1 is paid off, apply everything you have to CC#2 including the minimum from CC#1
d) Most importantly, generate more snow. Sell something on Craigslist or eBay, pickup some overtime, get a second job, etc.
3) Finish the emergency fund. Add to the 1k and build up 6 months worth of household income. If you haven't at this point I would change from a checking account to something that pays decent interest.
a) Accumulate 6 months worth of savings
b) Save up to pay cash for a newer car (if needed)
c) Take a vacation paid for in cash (you've earned it)
4) Invest 15% of total house income in your 401k and/or start a Roth
5) Payoff the mortgage early or save up to buy a house
6) Kid's college funds
7) Build more wealth and give it away
What did I learn from the program?
1) Do you usually get a big tax refund? Stop it immediately! Change your deductions so that you will break even or even owe a small amount. The government is collecting interest on your money while you are paying interest on debt. That is WRONG! I was able to increase my income by $300/mo with this method and help pay down debt with this additional monthly snow.
2) Are you currently contributing to your 401k while also paying on debt? Stop. Yes the interest compounds but so does not changing your way of thinking and paying interest on credit cards at 18% while earning 8% in your 401k. Once you get to step 4 you will make up for it and by the time you get to 7, it won't matter at all that you suspended contributions for a year or three. Ramsey advises entirely suspending contributions including your 401k match at work. You'll have to do your own math here. For me it made sense. I get paid 35 cents on the dollar up to 6%. Mathematically this is equal to 2.1% of my base pay. Once these CC are paid off, I can easily contribute the additional 2.1% myself to make up for the period of lost time.
3) We spend way more than we actually have. If I learned anything from this program it's that if you have to charge it - you can't afford it. Stop giving your money away!
Mr Ramsey claims something like the average person who attends his seminar or reads his book will save $5k. Well I borrowed the book from the library for free and am scheduled to save in excess of 20k in interest. I'd say that's an incredible return on investment (ROI). Religious nut or not, this guy is motivating to say the least.